Java 的设计模式

工厂模式（Factory Method）

interface food{}

class A implements food{}
class B implements food{}
class C implements food{}

public class StaticFactory {

    private StaticFactory(){}
    
    public static food getA(){  return new A(); }
    public static food getB(){  return new B(); }
    public static food getC(){  return new C(); }
}

class Client{
    //客户端代码只需要将相应的参数传入即可得到对象
    //用户不需要了解工厂类内部的逻辑
    public void get(String name){
        food x = null ;
        if ( name.equals("A")) {
            x = StaticFactory.getA();
        }else if ( name.equals("B")){
            x = StaticFactory.getB();
        }else {
            x = StaticFactory.getC();
        }
    }
}

抽象工厂模式（Abstract Factory）

//静态工厂模式在不改动StaticFactory类的代码时无法新增产品，如果采用了抽象工厂模式，就可以轻松的新增拓展类。
interface food{}

class A implements food{}
class B implements food{}

interface produce{ food get();} 

class FactoryForA implements produce{
    @Override
    public food get() {
        return new A();
    }
}
class FactoryForB implements produce{
    @Override
    public food get() {
        return new B();
    }
}
public class AbstractFactory {
    public void ClientCode(String name){
        food x= new FactoryForA().get();
        x = new FactoryForB().get();
    }
}

单例模式（Singleton）

public class Singleton {
    private Singleton(){}

    private static class SingletonBuild{
        private static Singleton value = new Singleton();
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance(){  return  SingletonBuild.value;}
    
}

建造者模式（Builder）

public class Builder {

    static class Student{
        String name = null ;
        int number = -1 ;
        String sex = null ;
        int age = -1 ;
        String school = null ;

　　　　　//构建器，利用构建器作为参数来构建Student对象
        static class StudentBuilder{
            String name = null ;
            int number = -1 ;
            String sex = null ;
            int age = -1 ;
            String school = null ;
            public StudentBuilder setName(String name) {
                this.name = name;
                return  this ;
            }

            public StudentBuilder setNumber(int number) {
                this.number = number;
                return  this ;
            }

            public StudentBuilder setSex(String sex) {
                this.sex = sex;
                return  this ;
            }

            public StudentBuilder setAge(int age) {
                this.age = age;
                return  this ;
            }

            public StudentBuilder setSchool(String school) {
                this.school = school;
                return  this ;
            }
            public Student build() {
                return new Student(this);
            }
        }

        public Student(StudentBuilder builder){
            this.age = builder.age;
            this.name = builder.name;
            this.number = builder.number;
            this.school = builder.school ;
            this.sex = builder.sex ;
        }
    }

    public static void main( String[] args ){
        Student a = new Student.StudentBuilder().setAge(13).setName("LiHua").build();
        Student b = new Student.StudentBuilder().setSchool("sc").setSex("Male").setName("ZhangSan").build();
    }
}

原型模式（Protype）

//减少复杂对象的构建时间 clone后修改部分属性即可 必须实现Cloneable接口
public class Prototype implements Cloneable{

    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone()   {
        try {
            return super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static void main (String[] args){
        Prototype pro = new Prototype();
        Prototype pro1 = (Prototype)pro.clone();
    }
}

适配器模式（Adapter）

/** 适配器模式的作用就是在原来的类上增加新功能。
  * 1.定义适配器接口interface。
  * 2.定义适配器类继承被适配者实现适配器接口。
  * 3.直接调用适配器接口使用适配器。
  * */
class  adapter extends oldClass implements interface1

装饰模式（Decorator）

//增强原来的功能
interface Source{ void method();}

public class Decorator implements Source{
    private Source source ;
    
    public void decotate(){
        System.out.println("decorate");
    }
    
    @Override
    public void method() {
        decotate();
        source.method();
    }
}

代理模式（Proxy）

interface Source{ void method();}

class OldClass implements Source{
    @Override
    public void method() {}
}

class Proxy implements Source{
    //被代理的类实例
    private Source source = new OldClass();

    //代理方法
    void doSomething1(){}
    void doSomething2(){}
    
    @Override
    public void method() {
        doSomething1();
        source.method();
        doSomething2();
    }
}

外观模式（Facade）

//顶级类包装初始化操作
public class Facade {
    private subSystem1 subSystem1 = new subSystem1();
    private subSystem2 subSystem2 = new subSystem2();
    private subSystem3 subSystem3 = new subSystem3();
    
    public void startSystem(){
        subSystem1.start();
        subSystem2.start();
        subSystem3.start();
    }
    
    public void stopSystem(){
        subSystem1.stop();
        subSystem2.stop();
        subSystem3.stop();
    }
}

桥接模式（Bridge）

interface DrawAPI {
    public void drawCircle(int radius, int x, int y);
}
class RedCircle implements DrawAPI {
    @Override
    public void drawCircle(int radius, int x, int y) {
        System.out.println("Drawing Circle[ color: red, radius: "
                + radius +", x: " +x+", "+ y +"]");
    }
}
class GreenCircle implements DrawAPI {
    @Override
    public void drawCircle(int radius, int x, int y) {
        System.out.println("Drawing Circle[ color: green, radius: "
                + radius +", x: " +x+", "+ y +"]");
    }
}

abstract class Shape {
    protected DrawAPI drawAPI;
    protected Shape(DrawAPI drawAPI){
        this.drawAPI = drawAPI;
    }
    public abstract void draw();
}

class Circle extends Shape {
    private int x, y, radius;

    public Circle(int x, int y, int radius, DrawAPI drawAPI) {
        super(drawAPI);
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
        this.radius = radius;
    }

    public void draw() {
        drawAPI.drawCircle(radius,x,y);
    }
}

//客户端使用代码
Shape redCircle = new Circle(100,100, 10, new RedCircle());
Shape greenCircle = new Circle(100,100, 10, new GreenCircle());
redCircle.draw();
greenCircle.draw();

组合模式（Composite）

abstract class component{}

class File extends  component{ String filename;}

class Folder extends  component{
    component[] files ;  //既可以放文件File类，也可以放文件夹Folder类。Folder类下又有子文件或子文件夹。
    String foldername ;
    public Folder(component[] source){ files = source ;}
    
    public void scan(){
        for ( component f:files){
            if ( f instanceof File){
                System.out.println("File "+((File) f).filename);
            }else if(f instanceof Folder){
                Folder e = (Folder)f ;
                System.out.println("Folder "+e.foldername);
                e.scan();
            }
        }
    }
    
}

享元模式（Flyweight）

abstract class flywei{ }

public class Flyweight extends flywei{
    Object obj ;
    public Flyweight(Object obj){
        this.obj = obj;
    }
}

class  FlyweightFactory{
    private HashMap<Object,Flyweight> data;

    public FlyweightFactory(){ data = new HashMap<>();}

    public Flyweight getFlyweight(Object object){
        if ( data.containsKey(object)){
            return data.get(object);
        }else {
            Flyweight flyweight = new Flyweight(object);
            data.put(object,flyweight);
            return flyweight;
        }
    }
}